Radicals and Realists in Japanese Nonverbal Art Ebook PDF (2023)

• Autor: Thomas R.H. Havens
• Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
• Pages: 326
• Edition: 31-07-2006
• ISBN : 0824830113
• Evaluation: 4/5(411users)

Radicals and Realists in the Japanese Nonverbal Arts by Thomas R. H. Havens PDF Book

Το Radicals and Realists είναι το πρώτο βιβλίο σε οποιαδήποτε γλώσσα που συζητά τους πρωτοποριακούς καλλιτέχνες της Ιαπωνίας, το έργο τους και το ιστορικό περιβάλλον στο οποίο το δημιούργησαν κατά τις δύο πιο δημιουργικές δεκαετίες του εικοστού αιώνα, τις δεκαετίες του 1950 και του 1960. Πολλοί από τους καλλιτέχνες ήταν ριζοσπάστες, επαναστατώντας ενάντια στους υπάρχοντες κανόνες και την καθιερωμένη εξουσία. Ταυτόχρονα, όμως, ήταν ρεαλιστές στο να επιλέγουν συγκεκριμένα υλικά, ήχους και θέματα από την καθημερινή ζωή για την τέχνη τους και να υιοθετούν σταδιακά τακτικές διαμαρτυρίας ή αντίστασης μέσω της προσαρμογής και όχι της αντιπαράθεσης. Όποια και αν είναι τα εκφραστικά μέσα, η παραγωγή τέχνης δεν στερήθηκε ποτέ ιστορικού πλαισίου ή πολιτικών υπονοούμενων. Εστιάζοντας στα μη λεκτικά είδη της ζωγραφικής, της γλυπτικής, της χορογραφίας και της μουσικής σύνθεσης, αυτό το έργο δείχνει ότι οι διαφορές των γενεών και οι πολιτικές, όχι τα καλλιτεχνικά δόγματα, ευθύνονται σε μεγάλο βαθμό για τις αποκλίνουσες στάσεις που κράτησαν οι καλλιτέχνες έναντι του μοντερνισμού, της διεθνούς κοινότητας τεχνών. Οι δεσμοί της Ιαπωνίας με τις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες και η συμμαχία εταιρικών και γραφειοκρατικών συμφερόντων που εδραιώθηκαν στην Ιαπωνία κατά τη δεκαετία του 1960. Αφού εξέτασε τη λογοκρισία και την πολιτική των τεχνών κατά τη διάρκεια της αμερικανικής κατοχής της Ιαπωνίας (1945–1952), η αφήγηση χωρίζεται σε δύο χρονολογικές ενότητες που αφορούν τις δεκαετίες του 1950 και του 1960, διχοτομημένες από την άνοδο ενός καλλιτεχνικού underground στο Σιντζούκου και την κρίση της συνθήκης ασφαλείας του Μαΐου 1960. Η πρώτη ενότητα πραγματεύεται Ιάπωνες καλλιτέχνες που σπούδασαν στο εξωτερικό καθώς και τα τεράστια και ποικίλα πειράματα σε καθεμία από τις μη λεκτικές πρωτοποριακές τέχνες που έλαβαν χώρα στην Ιαπωνία κατά τη δεκαετία του 1950, μετά από πολλά χρόνια καλλιτεχνικής νησιωτικότητας και σχεδόν στασιμότητα κατά τη διάρκεια του πολέμου και της κατοχής . Επικεφαλής μεταξύ των διανοουμένων που ενθάρρυναν τον πειραματισμό ήταν ο κριτικός τέχνης Takiguchi Shuzo, ο ζωγράφος Okamoto Taro και ο επιχειρηματίας-ζωγράφος Yoshihara Jiro. Η δεύτερη ενότητα ασχολείται με την πολυμέτωπη επίθεση στον φορμαλισμό (που προκαλεί σύγχυση γνωστή ως «αντι-τέχνη») που ηγείται από εικαστικούς καλλιτέχνες σε εθνικό επίπεδο. Ομοίως, οι συνθέτες δυτικού και σύγχρονου ιαπωνικού στυλ μουσικής επέλεξαν όλο και περισσότερο καθημερινά θέματα από τη λαϊκή μουσική και το προμοντέρνο μουσικό ρεπερτόριο για τις νέες τους παρουσιάσεις. Οι πρωτοποριακοί τυποποιοί, γλύπτες και χορογράφοι παρομοίως κινήθηκαν πέρα ​​από το μοντέρνο —και τον μοντερνισμό— στη δουλειά τους. Ένα μεταγενέστερο κεφάλαιο εξετάζει την καλλιτεχνική κορυφή της μεταπολεμικής περιόδου: η παγκόσμια έκθεση της Οσάκα το 1970, όπου εμφανιζόταν περισσότερη πρωτοποριακή μουσική, ζωγραφική, γλυπτική και χορός από οποιοδήποτε άλλο σημείο της ιστορίας της Ιαπωνίας, πριν ή μετά. Το Radicals and Realists βασίζεται σε εκτεταμένη αρχειακή έρευνα. πολυάριθμες συναυλίες, παραστάσεις και εκθέματα. και αποκλειστικές συνεντεύξεις με περισσότερους από πενήντα κορυφαίους χορογράφους, συνθέτες, ζωγράφους, γλύπτες και κριτικούς που δραστηριοποιήθηκαν κατά τη διάρκεια αυτών των δύο καινοτόμων δεκαετιών. Η προσιτή πεζογραφία και η διαυγής ανάλυσή του το συνιστούν σε ένα ευρύ αναγνωστικό κοινό, συμπεριλαμβανομένων εκείνων που ενδιαφέρονται για τη σύγχρονη ιαπωνική τέχνη και τον πολιτισμό καθώς και για την ιστορία των μεταπολεμικών χρόνων.

• Author: Barbara E. Thornbury
• Publisher: University of Michigan Press
• Pages: 274
• Edition: 15-04-2013
• ISBN: 9780472029280
• Evaluation: 4/5(411users)

American Japan and the Performing Arts of Japan Barbara E. Thornbury Book PDF

American Japan and the Japanese Performing Arts examines the images and myths that have shaped the reception of Japan-related theater, music, and dance in the United States since the 1950s. Immediately after World War II, visiting Japanese entertainment artists appeared in the United States as an important category of American cultural exchange initiatives aimed at creating and building friendly ties with Japan. Barbara E. Thornbury explores how "Japan" and "Japanese culture" have been constructed, reconstructed, and transformed in response to hundreds of productions staged over the past sixty years in New York, the primary entry point and defining cultural nexus in the United States. States for the global performing arts touring market. The author's interdisciplinary approach makes the book attractive to those involved in the performing arts, Japanology and cultural studies.

• Autor: Justin Jesty
• Publisher: Cornell University Press
• Pages: 357
• Edition: 15-09-2018
• ISBN: 9781501715068
• Evaluation: 4/5(411users)

Art and Devotion in Early Postwar Japan by Justin Jesty PDF Book

Emphasizing the transformative nature of the early post-war period, Jesty deftly contrasts it with the relative settlement, consolidation and homogenization of the 1960s.

• Autor: KuroDalaiJee
• Publisher: Leuven University Press
• Pages: 754
• Edition: 2023-03-20
• ISBN: 9789462703537
• Evaluation: 4/5(411users)

Body Anarchy KuroDalaiJee Book PDF

In Anarchy of the Body, art historian KuroDalaiJee sheds light on vital parts of the history of the postwar Japanese avant-garde, tracing the social, cultural, and political trajectories of artists across Japan in the 1960s. The culmination of years of research, Anarchy of Body draws on an extensive range of source material to reveal how the performance practice of individual artists and art groups during this period formed a legacy of resistance against institutionalization, both in the art world and elsewhere in Japanese society at large. This book contains 256 high-quality reproductions, including rare performance photos not readily available elsewhere, as well as a comprehensive chronology. KuroDalaiJee was awarded the 2010 Arts Encouragement Award for Young Artists (Critics Category) by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Contributors: Kurokawa Noriyuki (Editor), Jason Beckman (Edited Translation), Andrew Maerkle (Translator), Shima Yumiko (Translator), Alice Kiwako Ashiwa (Editorial Assistant), Daniel González (Translator), Claire Tanaka (Translator), Giles Murray ( translator), Jenny Preston (translator) Translated from the original Japanese edition published in Tokyo: Grambooks, 2010. In collaboration with Art Platform Japan / Cultural Affairs Agency, Government of Japan Art Platform Japan is an initiative of the Cultural Affairs Agency, Government of Japan, to maintain a sustainable development of the contemporary art scene in Japan.

• Autor: Robert Adlington
• Publisher: Oxford University Press
• Pages: 305
• Edition: 2009
• ISBN : 9780195336658
• Evaluation: 4/5(411users)

Sound Obligations by Robert Adlington Book PDF

This text examines the encounter between avant-garde music and the 60s in a range of genres, aesthetic positions and geographical locations.

• Author: Jelena Stojković
• Publisher: Routledge
• Pages: 272
• Edition: 31-05-2020
• ISBN: 9781000185713
• Evaluation: 4/5(411users)

Surrealism and photography in Japan in the 1930s, Jelena Stojković PDF book

Despite the censorship of dissident material during the decade between the Manchurian Incident in 1931 and the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941, numerous photographers across Japan created a versatile body of Surrealist work. In a revolutionary study of their practice, Jelena Stojković relies on primary sources and extensive archival research and maps the historical and art-critical contexts surrounding the conception of this rich photographic work, most of which has never been seen outside the country of origin. The volume is an essential resource in the field of surrealism and Japanese art history, for researchers and students of historical avant-gardes and photography, and for readers interested in visual culture.

• Autor: William Andrews
• Publisher: Oxford University Press
• Pages: 356
• Edition: 15-08-2016
• ISBN: 9781849049184
• Evaluation: 4/5(411users)

Arguing Japan William Andrews PDF knjiga

Conformist, stupid and compliant? Andrews confronts this absurd caricature of Japanese society head-on in his compelling story of subculture fighters, radical societies, and entrenched traditions of dissent. After the tsunami in March 2011 and the nuclear crisis in Fukushima, the media noted with astonishment how thousands of protesters gathered in the streets of Tokyo. But mass protest movements are nothing new in Japan, and the post-war period has been marked by years of turmoil and violence on both sides of the political spectrum: from demonstrations to riots, strikes, campus occupations, intra-party conflicts, assassinations and even international terrorism. This is the first comprehensive history in English of political radicalism and counterculture in Japan, as well as artistic development during this turbulent era. It chronicles the major events and movements from 1945 to the new boom in protest and political dissent after Fukushima. Introducing readers to often overlooked aspects of Japanese society, he explores the fascinating ideologies and personalities of both the right and the left, including the student movement, militants and communes. While some elements parallel developments in Europe and America, much of Japan's radical recent past (and present) is unique and offers valuable lessons for understanding the context of the new waves of anti-government protests the nation is witnessing.

• Author: K. Yoshida
• Publisher: Routledge
• Pages: 246
• Edition: 15-11-2020
• ISBN: 9781000217285
• Evaluation: 4/5(411users)

Avant-Garde Art and Non-Dominant Thought in Postwar Japan K. Yoshida PDF Book

This book offers a reassessment of how 'matter' - in the context of art history, criticism and architecture - sought a radical definition of 'multiplicity', against the dominant and hierarchical tendencies that took over post-fascist Japan. Through theoretical analysis of works by artists and critics such as Okamoto Taro, Hanada Kiyoteru, Kawara On, Isozaki Arata, Kawaguchi Tatsuo, and Nakahira Takuma, this richly illustrated text locates the formal contrasts often evoked in the Japanese avant-garde and jagged painting. , self and other, man and thing, and one and many, in media ranging from painting and photography, to sculpture and architecture. Along with the "aesthetics of detachment" that negates the integrative extensions of the human, the author proposes "anthropofugo" – which means escape from the human – as an original concept through which matter would be understood in the epistemic universe of the post-war Japanese avant-garde. guards. The chapters in this collection offer critical insights into how artists and critics base their work on active non-engagement to promote an ethic of non-dominance. Avant-garde art and non-mainstream thought in post-war Japan will attract students and scholars of Japanese studies, art history and visual culture more broadly.

• Author: Michael Marra
• Publisher: BRILL
• Pages: 521
• Edition: 2010-10-15
• ISBN: 9789004189775
• Evaluation: 4/5(411users)

Essays on Japan by Michael Marr PDF Book

Essays on Japan is a collection of essays by Professor Michael F. Marra written over the past ten years on the topics of Japanese literature, Japanese aesthetics, and the gap between the two.

• Autori: Doryun Chong, Michio Hayashi, Mika Yoshitake, Miryam Sas, Muzej moderne umjetnosti (New York, NY)
• Publisher: Museum of Modern Art
• Pages: 238
• Edition: 2012
• ISBN: 9780870708343
• Evaluation: 4/5(411users)

Tokio, 1955-1970 Doryun Chong, Michio Hayashi, Mika Yoshitake, Miryam Sas, Muzej moderne umjetnosti (New York, NY) PDF knjiga

Catalog of the exhibition held at the Museum of Modern Art in New York from November 18, 2012 to February. 25, 2013

• Autor: Ming Tiampo
• Publisher: University of Chicago Press
• Pages: 259
• Edition: 15-03-2011
• ISBN: 9780226801667
• Evaluation: 4/5(411users)

Download PDF The Tale of the Devil by Ming Tiampo

Gutai is the first book in English to examine Japan's best-known modern art movement, the circle of postwar artists whose avant-garde paintings, performances, and installations foreshadowed many key developments in American and European experimental art. Working with unpublished photographs and archival sources, Ming Tiampo examines Gutai's pioneering transnational practice, fueled by mid-century developments in mass media and travel that made the movement's field of reception and influence global in scope. Using these lines of transmission to give Gutai a place among modernist artistic practices, while tracing Japan's influence on art in Europe and the Americas, Tiampo demonstrates the fundamental transnationality of modernism. Ultimately, Tiampo offers a new conceptual model for writing world art history, making Gutai an important and original contribution to the history of contemporary art.

• Autor: Roy Starrs
• Publisher: Global Oriental
• Pages: 561
• Edition: 2011-10-14
• ISBN: 9789004211308
• Evaluation: 4/5(411users)

Rethinking Japanese Modernism, Roy Starrs PDF book

Adopting an open, interdisciplinary, and transnational approach, this book sheds new light on the specific achievements and often unexpected interactions of the writers, artists, and thinkers who helped define Japan's version of modernism and modernism.

• Author: Rachael Hutchinson
• Publisher: Routledge
• Pages: 250
• Edition: 21-08-2013
• ISBN: 9781135069827
• Evaluation: 4/5(411users)

PDF book Negotiating Censorship in Contemporary Japan by Rachael Hutchinson

Censorship in Japan has undergone many changes over the past 150 years, and each successive system of government has had its own censorship laws, regulations, and enforcement methods. However, what remained constant through these many upheavals was the process of negotiation between censors and artists that can be seen in the cultural media of contemporary society. Exploring censorship in a range of different Japanese art forms – from folk music and kabuki performance to fiction, poetry and film – across a range of historical periods, this book provides a fascinating insight into the ubiquity and power of Japanese censorship across a range of media. ; similar tactics used by artists of various media to negotiate the limits of censorship. and how censors from different systems and time periods face many of the same problems and questions in their work. The essays in this collection highlight the complexity of censorship processes by exploring the responsibilities and choices of all four groups—artists, censors, audiences, and ideologues—in a wide range of case studies. The contributors shift the focus from top-down repression to the more complex negotiations involved in the many phases of artistic work, which involve moving within boundaries as well as testing those boundaries, both by the artist and by the artist. censor. Taken together, the essays in this book show that censorship at every stage involves an act of human judgment, in a context determined by political, economic, and ideological factors. This book and its case studies provide a fascinating insight into the dynamics of censorship and how it affects both people and texts. As such, it will be of great interest to students and scholars interested in Japanese studies, Japanese culture, society and history, and media studies in general.

• Author: Charlotte Eubanks
• Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
• Pages: 342
• Edition: 31-12-2019
• ISBN: 9780824882303
• Evaluation: 4/5(411users)

PDF book The Art of Persistence by Charlotte Eubanks

The Art of Perseverance examines the relationship between art and politics in interwar Japan, exploring them through the micro-history of artist, memoirist, and activist Akamatsu Toshiko (aka Maruki Toshi, 1912–2000). Based on the details of Akamatsu's lived experience, the book examines important events in modern Japanese history, including colonization and empire, war, nuclear bombing, and the interwar proletarian movement. More broadly, he outlines an ethical position known as persistence, which occupies a gray area between complicity and resistance: Like resilience, persistence signals an obligation not to disappear—a cruel act of occupying space, but often from a position of privilege, between classes and people in power. Akamatsu grew up in a settler-colonial family in rural Hokkaido before attending art college in Tokyo and becoming one of the first women to receive formal training as an oil painter in Japan. She later worked as a governess in the home of a Moscow diplomat and traveled to the Japanese Mandate in Micronesia before returning home to write and illustrate children's books set in the Pacific. She married the surrealist poet and painter Maruki Iri (1901 – 1995) and together in 1948 — and in defiance of occupation censorship — they began to create and exhibit the Nuclear Series, some of the most influential and powerful works of art depicting the aftermath of Hiroshima. . bombing. For the next forty or so years, the couple toured the world protesting war and nuclear proliferation, and were nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995. Rich in extracts and drawings from his diaries and Akamatsu sketches, The Art of Perseverance offers a bridge between the study of imperial Japan and postwar cultures. memory, advocating for the importance of individual historical action. While tracing the longue durée of Japanese wartime visual culture, he charts the development of the nationalist "literature for small citizens" movement and Japan's postwar reorientation toward global multiculturalism. Finally, the project proposes ways of integrating works of art in general, and museums in particular, as spaces of moral engagement.

• Author: Amanda Maddox
• Publisher: Getty Publications
• Pages: 194
• Edition: 05-10-2015
• ISBN : 9781606064559
• Evaluation: 4/5(411users)

Ishiuchi Miyako by Amanda Maddox PDF book

A photography history buff, Ishiuchi Miyako (b. 1947) emerged on the Tokyo scene in the mid-1970s, at a time when men dominated the Japanese scene. Working prodigiously over the past forty years, he has created an impressive body of work and quietly influenced generations of photographers born in the post-war period. Winner of the prestigious Hasselblad Award in 2014, Ishiuchi is one of the most influential photographers working in Japan today. Motivated by her controversial relationship with her hometown, Yokosuka - the site of the main US naval base since 1945 - Ishiuchi chose the city as her first serious photographic subject. Grainy, moody and deeply personal, these early works established her career. This choice of subject also set the stage for Ishiuchi's extensive exploration of the American occupation and the shadows it cast on postwar Japan. Since then, Ishiuchi has dealt with the theme of possession both indirectly—through her photographs of scars, skin, and other marks of time on the human body—and more explicitly, with her images of clothing and accessories that once belonged to atomic blast victims. in Hiroshima. The essays presented in this book reveal the past as the source of Ishiuchi's work and the present moment as her main theme. Ishiuchi Miyako: Postwar Shadows—which includes a selection of more than 100 works—is published in conjunction with an exhibition of the same name on view at the J. Paul Getty Museum at the Getty Center in Los Angeles from October 5, 2015 to February 21, 2016.

• Author: Adam Broinowski
• Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
• Pages: 256
• Edition: 14-01-2016
• ISBN: 9781780935874
• Evaluation: 4/5(411users)

Cultural Responses to the Occupation in Japan by Adam Broinowski PDF book

Cultural Responses to the Occupation in Japan explores how the performing arts, particularly the theater corps, shaped and were shaped by political and historical circumstances in Japan during the Cold War and post-Cold War periods. This study of primary and secondary materials from the fields of theatre, dance, performance, film and poetry explores the relationship between the body and the nation-state. Major works of art such as Ankoku Butoh (dance of darkness) and its subsequent reinterpretation by the leading political performance company Gekidan Kaitaisha (theater of deconstruction) are analyzed using ethnographic, historical and theoretical modes. This approach reveals the nuances and lingering effects of military, cultural, and political occupation in Japan at a time of dramatic change. Cultural Responses to the Occupation in Japan explores issues of discrimination, marginalization, trauma, memory, and the mediation of history in a ground-breaking work that will be of great importance to anyone interested in the symbiosis of culture and conflict.

• Autorica: Christine Vial Kayser, Sylvie Coellier
• Publisher: Vernon Press
• Pages: 330
• Edition: 07-09-2021
• ISBN: 9781648892769
• Evaluation: 4/5(411users)

Installation Art as an Experience of Self, in Space and Time, Christine Vial Kayser, Sylvie Coëllier PDF Book

Installation art has modified our relationship to art for more than fifty years, motivating the whole body, showing its sensitivity to space, the environment and the living beings it constantly interacts with. This book analyzes this modification of perception through phenomenological approaches that invoke Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, as well as Levinas, Depraz and the neuroscientist Varela. This theoretical framework is implicit in the various case studies that revisit works by Carl Andre, Bruce Nauman, Dan Graham that have become classic or iconic. inaugural experiments that remain accessible only through the photographic and written archives of Jean-Michel Sanejouand, Philippe Parren and the influence of the mode on music. The book also examines the transfer of this Western form to Asia, revealing how it resonates with ancient Asian representations and practices—often associated with the spiritual. Separate chapters support the role of space as a metacontext, a common place of different installations. While the nature and function of space varies - from social, historical space, leisure or political space, inner psychological space, to shared empty space - these installations reveal the chiasm between the individual body and the outer space. The chapters bear witness to the process in which the physical journey of the viewer's body through the material – sometimes invisible – space and its structural components takes place in time, as a sequence of micro-experiences. "Installation Art as an Experience of Self, in Space and Time" adds to the existing art history literature a level of theoretical, experiential, and cross-cultural analysis that will make this research relevant to both students and independent researchers in academic fields of philosophy. psychology, aesthetics, theory and history of art, religious and Asian studies.

• Author: P. Eckersall
• Publisher: Springer
• Pages: 183
• Edition: 24-09-2013
• ISBN: 9781137017383
• Evaluation: 4/5(411users)

Performativity and the event in Japan in 1960. P. Eckersall Book PDF

Performativity and the Event in 1960s Japan examines artists and events in 1960s Japan. In response to the social upheavals of the 1960s, it shows how art interacted with society in unique and transformative ways, bringing together arguments for the crucial role of performance as an artistic medium and as social dramaturgy.

• Author: Rosemary Candelario
• Publisher: Wesleyan University Press
• Pages: 302
• Edition: 07-05-2016
• ISBN: 9780819576491
• Evaluation: 4/5(411users)

Flowers Burst on Concrete Rosemary Candelario PDF Book

Flowers Cracking Concrete is the first in-depth study of the forty-year career of Eiko & Koma - two artists from Japan who have lived and worked in New York since the mid-1970s, establishing themselves as innovative and influential contemporary and postmodern dancers. They continue to choreograph, perform and hold workshops throughout the United States and around the world. Rosemary Candelario argues that what is remarkable about Eiko & Koma's dances is not what they signify, but what they do in the world. Each chapter in the book is a close reading of a particular dance that reveals a choreographic theme or problem. Drawing on interviews, live performances, videos and reviews, Candelario shows how ideas moved kinesthetically and choreographically in the work of Eiko & Koma, creating dances deeply connected to the wider world through an active process of grieving, transformation and connection.

• Autor: Thomas R.H. Havens
• Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
• Pages: 217
• Edition: 30-06-2020
• ISBN: 9780824883447
• Evaluation: 4/5(411users)

Η Land of Plants on the Move του Book by Thomas R. H. Havens PDF

A Land of Plants in Motion is the first in any language to examine two accompanying stories: (1) the rise of the East Asian Flower Belt and how the Japanese islands developed an astonishing wealth of plant species, and (2) the development of Japanese botanical science. Most of the plant species considered "Japanese" trace their origins to western China and the eastern Himalayas, but are so indigenous that today they often appear native. Early modern scientists in Japan relied on knowledge of Chinese herbal medicine, but achieved a clear insight into plant life similar to, but different from, their European counterparts. Scientists from the University of Tokyo pioneered Japanese plant biology in the late nineteenth century. They incorporated Western botanical methods but sought a degree of distinction in taxonomy, while also gaining international legitimacy through English-language publications. Japan's imperial era (1895 – 1945) was less about plant research and more about collecting plants, both for scientific and economic benefit. Displays of objects from across the empire made visible the sphere of Japanese colonization and conquest at home. The infrastructure for research and teaching expanded slowly after World War II: new laboratories, botanical gardens, academic societies, and publications finally enabled a wide variety of specialized studies, especially with the development of molecular biology in the 1970s and DNA research in the 1980s. Basic research was hit by government funding cuts from 2012 to 2017, but Japanese plant biologists continue to enjoy international respect in many fields of science.